Liciana Q 
Explore the history and function of Rome’s Colosseum, a legendary amphitheatre that has been a symbol of Roman architectural grandeur and a center of entertainment and culture for centuries.
The Colosseum, a magnificent icon of ancient Roman glory, is the largest amphitheatre ever built and one of the architectural wonders of the world.
Located in the center of Rome, Italy, this building has witnessed many historical events, from gladiator fights to changes in function throughout the centuries.
This article thoroughly examines the history, location, function, and restoration of the Colosseum that makes it one of the most famous tourist destinations in the world.
History of the Colosseum
The Colosseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre, was built during the reign of Emperor Vespasian in 70–72 AD and completed under his son Titus in 80 AD. It was built on the site of an artificial lake once owned by Emperor Nero, in the Golden Palace (Domus Aurea) complex.
This move had symbolic meaning; Vespasian wanted to return the land to the Roman people as a form of respect for the people after the tyrannical reign of Nero.
Exploring the historical significance of such actions is one of the fascinating Things to do Roma, offering insights into the rich legacy of Roman leadership and culture.
With a capacity of 50,000 to 80,000 spectators, the Colosseum was used to hold various entertainment events, such as gladiator fights, wild animal hunts (venationes), executions, and performances depicting Roman mythology.
Location and Uniqueness of the Colosseum
The Colosseum stands majestically in Piazza del Colosseo, in the center of Rome. Its strategic location makes it easily accessible to tourists from all over the world.
The building is adjacent to other historical sites, such as the Palatine Hill and the Roman Forum. This location was once the site of the magnificent Domus Aurea palace built by Emperor Nero after the Great Fire of Rome in 64 AD.
Function of the Colosseum in Roman Times
The Colosseum was designed to be a center of entertainment for the people of ancient Rome. Here are some of the main functions that the Colosseum once served:
1. Gladiator Fight
Gladiator fights were the main event held at the Colosseum. Gladiators, who ranged from slaves, prisoners of war, to free citizens, fought for honor or freedom. These fights often served as a show of political power and were very popular entertainment among the Roman people.
2. Venationes (Animal Hunting)
The Colosseum also served as a hunting ground for wild animals imported from Africa and the Middle East. Animals such as lions, elephants and leopards are brought together with humans in tense battles.
3. Battle Drama and Reconstruction
In addition to physical combat, the Colosseum also hosted dramas that told stories of Roman mythology and reenactments of historical battles. In fact, in its early days of operation, the Colosseum was able to stage sea battle shows by filling the arena with water.
Changes in the Function of the Colosseum
Over time, the Colosseum underwent changes in function. In the Middle Ages, the building was no longer used as a place of entertainment. Here are some of the functions of the Colosseum after the end of the gladiator era:
1. Church and Fort
In the 6th century, the Colosseum was converted into a church by the Roman people. Subsequently, two noble families, Frangipane and Annibaldi, used it as a defensive fortress.
2. Stone Quarry
For more than 1,000 years, the Colosseum was considered a quarry. Marble and building materials from the Colosseum were taken to build churches and other buildings in Rome, including St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican.
3. Modern Restoration
The preservation of the Colosseum only began in the 19th century, led by Pope Pius VIII. A major restoration project was also carried out in the 1990s, including the renovation of the underground area which had been badly damaged by earthquakes and vandalism.
Colosseum Underground Area
One of the most interesting parts of the Colosseum is its underground area, called the hypogeum. The Hypogeum consists of underground passages and chambers that were used to store gladiators, animals, and equipment before the show began.
This passageway allowed gladiators and animals to suddenly appear in the arena via a raised floor, adding drama to every show.
Now, this underground area has been opened to tourists after being restored by the Italian Ministry of Culture, giving a clearer picture of how the Colosseum was used in its heyday.
Damage and Conservation Challenges
The Colosseum has suffered various damages throughout its history. A major earthquake in the Middle Ages destroyed part of the structure, while pollution and vandalism further deteriorated its condition.
Over the centuries, the building also lost many of its decorative elements, including marble and statues, which were looted for use in other construction projects.
In the 19th century, preservation efforts began in earnest. Modern restorations carried out from the 1990s to the present day aim to protect the Colosseum as a world heritage site.
Today, the Colosseum is a symbol of the beauty of Roman architecture and the endurance of history.
Colosseum as World Heritage
In 1980, the Colosseum was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. This building was also considered as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007. This recognition confirms the importance of the Colosseum as one of the world’s most iconic historical monuments.
As a tourist attraction, the Colosseum attracts millions of visitors every year. The experience of wandering its grand alleys, admiring its classic architecture and learning about its rich history makes it a must-visit destination in Italy.
Interesting Facts About The Colosseum
- Revolutionary Architecture: The Colosseum used advanced construction techniques for its time, including the use of Roman concrete and a drainage system that allowed for water to be refilled in the arena.
- Multifunctional Entertainment Venue: The Colosseum was used not only for gladiatorial matches, but also for naval battle reenactments (naumachiae), animal hunts, and drama.
- Symbol of Power and Reconciliation: The Colosseum was built as a symbol of the power of the Roman Empire, but later became a symbol of reconciliation with the use of a small church within it.
- Modern Inspiration: The Colosseum’s design has been the inspiration for many modern sports stadiums around the world.
The Roman Colosseum is a magnificent monument that not only bears witness to the history of Roman civilization, but also a symbol of architectural endurance and innovation.
From gladiatorial combat to mythological drama, the Colosseum has played a vital role in the social and cultural life of ancient Rome. As one of the most iconic Tourist Attractions in Italia, it continues to captivate visitors with its rich history and architectural grandeur.
Today, as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Colosseum continues to amaze millions of visitors from around the world with its beauty and the stories it contains. Visiting the Colosseum is an experience that brings us closer to the glory of the past and its enduring historical value.
